When is safe to refreeze ground beef?

The USDA outlines three safe methods for defrosting ground beef. You can either leave it in the refrigerator until fully thawed, place the meat in a sealable plastic bag and submerge it in cold water, or use the microwave for defrosting. If you anticipate needing to refreeze the meat later, it's important to thaw it in the refrigerator, as this is the only method deemed safe for refreezing. The other methods may raise the meat to temperatures that could promote bacterial growth if the ground beef is not cooked immediately. Once thawed in the refrigerator, the ground beef can be safely stored for one to two days. After this period, even if it was thawed in the fridge, it is no longer safe to refreeze.
The length of time the ground beef has been in the freezer is not a concern. Like many foods, ground beef can be frozen indefinitely. However, it is generally recommended to use it within three to four months for optimal quality, as you may notice a decline in taste and texture after that time. Even if the ground beef has been frozen for more than four months, it will not affect your ability to refreeze it after thawing.
What to do if your raw ground beef can't be refrozen?

It's a smart idea to plan ahead and allow your meat to thaw in the refrigerator over a couple of days. While it's important to ensure that ground beef doesn't sit out for a day or two before being returned to the freezer, if our plans were always reliable and we could easily keep track of everything, we wouldn't have to worry about refreezing meat at all. So, what should you do if you've thawed your meat using water, the microwave, or if it's been left out for too long?
Fortunately, the solution is quite straightforward: cook the ground beef before refreezing it. Heating the beef to 160 degrees Fahrenheit will eliminate any harmful bacteria, including E. coli. After cooking, it is safe to refreeze the beef for later use. However, this does present a culinary challenge, as ground beef that has been cooked, frozen, and then thawed again may not have the best texture and likely won't be seasoned for your intended dish. While cooking the beef before refreezing helps reduce food waste, it's advisable to use it in recipes like chili or Bolognese, where any textural issues will be less noticeable.
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